Compare Papua New Guinea (2008) - Turks and Caicos Islands (2006)

Compare Papua New Guinea (2008) z Turks and Caicos Islands (2006)

	Papua New Guinea (2008)	Turks and Caicos Islands (2006)

Administrative divisions	20 provinces; Bougainville, Central, Chimbu, Eastern Highlands, East New Britain, East Sepik, Enga, Gulf, Madang, Manus, Milne Bay, Morobe, National Capital, New Ireland, Northern, Sandaun, Southern Highlands, Western, Western Highlands, West New Britain	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Age structure	0-14 years: 37.6% (male 1,107,568/female 1,070,594) 15-64 years: 58.5% (male 1,745,385/female 1,643,830) 65 years and over: 3.9% (male 106,487/female 122,023) (2007 est.)	0-14 years: 31.9% (male 3,432/female 3,312) 15-64 years: 64.4% (male 7,155/female 6,457) 65 years and over: 3.8% (male 362/female 434) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products	coffee, cocoa, copra, palm kernels, tea, sugar, rubber, sweet potatoes, fruit, vegetables, vanilla; shell fish, poultry, pork	corn, beans, cassava (tapioca), citrus fruits; fish
Airports	578 (2007)	8 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 21 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 1 (2007)	total: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 2 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 557 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 58 under 914 m: 489 (2007)	total: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2006)
Area	total: 462,840 sq km land: 452,860 sq km water: 9,980 sq km	total: 430 sq km land: 430 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly larger than California	2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	The eastern half of the island of New Guinea - second largest in the world - was divided between Germany (north) and the UK (south) in 1885. The latter area was transferred to Australia in 1902, which occupied the northern portion during World War I and continued to administer the combined areas until independence in 1975. A nine-year secessionist revolt on the island of Bougainville ended in 1997 after claiming some 20,000 lives.	The islands were part of the UK's Jamaican colony until 1962, when they assumed the status of a separate crown colony upon Jamaica's independence. The governor of The Bahamas oversaw affairs from 1965 to 1973. With Bahamian independence, the islands received a separate governor in 1973. Although independence was agreed upon for 1982, the policy was reversed and the islands remain a British overseas territory.
Birth rate	28.76 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	21.84 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget	revenues: $2.209 billion expenditures: $1.994 billion (2007 est.)	revenues: $47 million expenditures: $33.6 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (1997-98 est.)
Capital	name: Port Moresby geographic coordinates: 9 30 S, 147 10 E time difference: UTC+10 (15 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)	name: Grand Turk (Cockburn Town) geographic coordinates: 21 28 N, 71 08 W time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in April; ends last Sunday in October
Climate	tropical; northwest monsoon (December to March), southeast monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal temperature variation	tropical; marine; moderated by trade winds; sunny and relatively dry
Coastline	5,152 km	389 km
Constitution	16 September 1975	Turks and Caicos Islands Constitution Order 2006 (effective 9 August 2006)
Country name	conventional long form: Independent State of Papua New Guinea conventional short form: Papua New Guinea local short form: Papuaniugini former: Territory of Papua and New Guinea abbreviation: PNG	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Turks and Caicos Islands abbreviation: TCI
Death rate	7.14 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)	4.21 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external	$1.814 billion (31 December 2007 est.)	$NA
Dependency status	-	overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Leslie W. Rowe embassy: Douglas Street, Port Moresby, N.C.D. mailing address: 4240 Port Moresby PI, US Department of State, Washington DC 20521-4240 telephone: [675] 321-1455 FAX: [675] 321-3423	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Evan Jeremy PAKI chancery: 1779 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Suite 805, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 745-3680 FAX: [1] (202) 745-3679	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international	relies on assistance from Australia to keep out illegal cross-border activities from primarily Indonesia, including goods smuggling, illegal narcotics trafficking, and squatters and secessionists	have received Haitians fleeing economic and civil disorder
Economic aid - recipient	$266.1 million (2005)	$4.1 million (1997)
Economy - overview	Papua New Guinea is richly endowed with natural resources, but exploitation has been hampered by rugged terrain and the high cost of developing infrastructure. Agriculture provides a subsistence livelihood for 85% of the population. Mineral deposits, including copper, gold, and oil, account for nearly two-thirds of export earnings. The government of Prime Minister SOMARE has expended much of its energy remaining in power. He was the first prime minister ever to serve a full five-year term. The government also brought stability to the national budget, largely through expenditure control; however, it relaxed spending constraints in 2006 and 2007 as elections approached. Numerous challenges still face the government including regaining investor confidence, restoring integrity to state institutions, promoting economic efficiency by privatizing moribund state institutions, and balancing relations with Australia, its former colonial ruler. Other socio-cultural challenges could upend the economy including a worsening HIV/AIDS epidemic and chronic law and order and land tenure issues. Australia will supply more than $300 million in aid in FY07/08, which accounts for nearly 20% of the national budget.	The Turks and Caicos economy is based on tourism, fishing, and offshore financial services. Most capital goods and food for domestic consumption are imported. The US is the leading source of tourists, accounting for more than half of the annual 93,000 visitors in the late 1990s. Major sources of government revenue also include fees from offshore financial activities and customs receipts.
Electricity - consumption	3.439 billion kWh (2005)	4.65 million kWh (2003)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2005)	0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2005)	0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - production	3.698 billion kWh (2005)	5 million kWh (2003)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Wilhelm 4,509 m	lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Blue Hills 49 m
Environment - current issues	rain forest subject to deforestation as a result of growing commercial demand for tropical timber; pollution from mining projects; severe drought	limited natural fresh water resources, private cisterns collect rainwater
Environment - international agreements	party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	-
Ethnic groups	Melanesian, Papuan, Negrito, Micronesian, Polynesian	black 90%, mixed, European, or North American 10%
Exchange rates	kina per US dollar - 3.03 (2007), 3.0643 (2006), 3.08 (2005), 3.2225 (2004), 3.5635 (2003)	the US dollar is used
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by governor general Sir Paulius MATANE (since 29 June 2004) head of government: Prime Minister Sir Michael SOMARE (since 2 August 2002); Deputy Prime Minister Puka TEMU (since 29 August 2007) cabinet: National Executive Council appointed by governor general on recommendation of prime minister elections: none; monarch is hereditary; governor general nominated by parliament and appointed by chief of state; following legislative elections, leader of majority party or leader of majority coalition usually is appointed prime minister by governor general	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Richard TAUWHARE (since 11 July 2005) head of government: Premier Michael Eugene MISICK (since 15 August 2003); note - the office of premier was created in the new constitution cabinet: Cabinet consists of the governor, the premier, six ministers appointed by the governor from among the members of the Legislative Council, and the attorney general elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is appointed premier by the governor
Exports	44,580 bbl/day (2004)	NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities	oil, gold, copper ore, logs, palm oil, coffee, cocoa, crayfish, prawns	lobster, dried and fresh conch, conch shells
Exports - partners	Australia 30.2%, Japan 8.2%, China 5.7% (2006)	US, UK (2004)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	divided diagonally from upper hoist-side corner; the upper triangle is red with a soaring yellow bird of paradise centered; the lower triangle is black with five, white, five-pointed stars of the Southern Cross constellation centered	blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the colonial shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield is yellow and contains a conch shell, lobster, and cactus
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 35.5% industry: 37% services: 27.5% (2007 est.)	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - real growth rate	4% (2007 est.)	4.9% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates	6 00 S, 147 00 E	21 45 N, 71 35 W
Geography - note	shares island of New Guinea with Indonesia; one of world's largest swamps along southwest coast	about 40 islands (eight inhabited)
Heliports	2 (2007)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 1.7% highest 10%: 40.5% (1996)	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	major consumer of cannabis	transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe
Imports	24,020 bbl/day (2004)	NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities	machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, fuels, chemicals	food and beverages, tobacco, clothing, manufactures, construction materials
Imports - partners	Australia 52%, Singapore 12.6%, China 5.9%, Japan 4.3% (2006)	US, UK (2004)
Independence	16 September 1975 (from the Australian-administered UN trusteeship)	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate	4.8% (2007 est.)	NA%
Industries	copra crushing, palm oil processing, plywood production, wood chip production; mining of gold, silver, and copper; crude oil production, petroleum refining; construction, tourism	tourism, offshore financial services
Infant mortality rate	total: 48.46 deaths/1,000 live births male: 52.52 deaths/1,000 live births female: 44.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)	total: 15.18 deaths/1,000 live births male: 17.55 deaths/1,000 live births female: 12.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1.8% (2007 est.)	4% (1995)
International organization participation	ACP, ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN (observer), C, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO	Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol (subbureau), UPU
Irrigated land	NA	NA
Judicial branch	Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by the governor general on the proposal of the National Executive Council after consultation with the minister responsible for justice; other judges are appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission)	Supreme Court; Court of Appeal
Labor force	3.557 million (2007 est.)	4,848 (1990 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 85% industry: NA% services: NA%	note: about 33% in government and 20% in agriculture and fishing; significant numbers in tourism, financial, and other services
Land boundaries	total: 820 km border countries: Indonesia 820 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0.49% permanent crops: 1.4% other: 98.11% (2005)	arable land: 2.33% permanent crops: 0% other: 97.67% (2005)
Languages	Melanesian Pidgin serves as the lingua franca, English spoken by 1%-2%, Motu spoken in Papua region note: 820 indigenous languages spoken (over one-tenth of the world's total)	English (official)
Legal system	based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	based on laws of England and Wales, with a few adopted from Jamaica and The Bahamas
Legislative branch	unicameral National Parliament (109 seats, 89 filled from open electorates and 20 from provinces and national capital distict; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms); constitution allows up to 126 seats elections: last held from 30 June to 10 July 2007; next to be held in June 2012 election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - National Alliance 27, PNGP 8, PAP 6, URP 6, PANGU 5, PDM 5, independents 19, others 33; note - election to 1 seat was nullified note: 15 other parties won 4 or fewer seats; association with political parties is fluid	unicameral Legislative Council (21 seats of which 15 are popularly elected; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 24 April 2003 (next to be held in 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - PDM 53.8%, PNP 46.2%; seats by party - PDM 7, PNP 6; note - in by-elections held 7 August 2003, the PNP gained two seats for a majority of 8 seats; PDM now has 5
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 65.62 years male: 63.41 years female: 67.95 years (2007 est.)	total population: 74.73 years male: 72.48 years female: 77.08 years (2006 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 57.3% male: 63.4% female: 50.9% (2000 census)	definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school total population: 98% male: 99% female: 98% (1970 est.)
Location	Oceania, group of islands including the eastern half of the island of New Guinea between the Coral Sea and the South Pacific Ocean, east of Indonesia	Caribbean, two island groups in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of The Bahamas, north of Haiti
Map references	Oceania	Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims	measured from claimed archipelagic baselines territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	total: 24 ships (1000 GRT or over) 56,157 GRT/72,821 DWT by type: bulk carrier 3, cargo 20, petroleum tanker 1 foreign-owned: 6 (UK 6) (2007)	-
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches	Papua New Guinea Defense Force (PNGDF; includes Maritime Operations Element, Air Operations Element) (2008)	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$192.8 million
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1.4% (2005 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 16 September (1975)	Constitution Day, 30 August (1976)
Nationality	noun: Papua New Guinean(s) adjective: Papua New Guinean	noun: none adjective: none
Natural hazards	active volcanism; situated along the Pacific "Ring of Fire"; the country is subject to frequent and sometimes severe earthquakes; mud slides; tsunamis	frequent hurricanes
Natural resources	gold, copper, silver, natural gas, timber, oil, fisheries	spiny lobster, conch
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)	10.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
People - note	-	destination and transit point for illegal Haitian immigrants bound for the Turks and Caicos Islands, The Bahamas, and US
Pipelines	oil 264 km (2007)	-
Political parties and leaders	National Alliance Party or NA [Michael SOMARE]; Papua and Niugini Union Party or PANGU PATI [Andrew KUMBAKOR]; Papua New Guinea Party or PNGP [Sir Mekere MORAUTA]; People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Michael OGIO]; People's Action Party or PAP [Gabriel KAPRIS]; United Resources Party or URP [William DUMA] (2007)	People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Derek H. TAYLOR]; Progressive National Party or PNP [Michael Eugene MISICK]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	NA
Population	5,795,887 (July 2007 est.)	21,152 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line	37% (2002 est.)	NA%
Population growth rate	2.163% (2007 est.)	2.82% (2006 est.)
Radio broadcast stations	AM 8, FM 19, shortwave 28 (1998)	AM 2, FM 7, shortwave 0 (2004)
Religions	Roman Catholic 22%, Lutheran 16%, Presbyterian/Methodist/London Missionary Society 8%, Anglican 5%, Evangelical Alliance 4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1%, other Protestant 10%, indigenous beliefs 34%	Baptist 40%, Anglican 18%, Methodist 16%, Church of God 12%, other 14% (1990)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.035 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.062 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.873 male(s)/female total population: 1.043 male(s)/female (2007 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.11 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: services are minimal; facilities provide radiotelephone and telegraph, coastal radio, aeronautical radio, and international radio communication services domestic: access to telephone services is not widely available; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone density is less than 3 telephones per 100 persons international: country code - 675; submarine cables to Australia and Guam; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); international radio communication service	general assessment: fully digital system with international direct dialing domestic: full range of services available; GSM wireless service available international: country code - 1-649; 2 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	63,700 (2005)	5,700 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	75,000 (2005)	1,700 (1999)
Television broadcast stations	3 (all in the Port Moresby area; stations at Mt. Hagen, Goroka, Lae, and Rabaul are planned) (2004)	0 (broadcasts from The Bahamas are received; 2 cable television networks) (2004)
Terrain	mostly mountains with coastal lowlands and rolling foothills	low, flat limestone; extensive marshes and mangrove swamps
Total fertility rate	3.79 children born/woman (2007 est.)	3.05 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate	1.9% up to 80% in urban areas (2004)	10% (1997 est.)
Waterways	11,000 km (2006)	-

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